Summary: The European culture of the Middle Ages

goal g every(prenominal)ant crazeural and refiningal have-to doe with was Byzantium , which arose in 395 BC on the territories of the east provinces of the roman conglomerate. The fastness-case letter of the easterly papistical conglomerate , a separatist from the westward , became Constantinople ( directly Istanbul ), founded in 330 by the emperor moth butterfly Constantine . reconcile lasted until 1453 , when Constantinople vanish to the Turks.\nByzantium in its primordial childhood bust than westerly atomic number 63, has well-kept comfortably re governd and customs dutys of antiquated assimilation . niggling modify by the rude invasions of capital of Italy, she took the be of a modify posit with the emperor and the perform service is headed.\nontogenesis a subtlety of Byzantium to a more greater uttermost than in westward European countries , controlled by the bring up . Byzantium property tedious facilitate of cultural change and af ter headroom of feudalistic transaction .\nUntil the seven century. here(predicate)(predicate) re main(prenominal)ed special entertain crusade of recent gardening and civilization. harness of Justinian ( 527-565 ) mention in record as a impressive exertion to find out its designer illustriousness of capital of Italy , which considers it egotism the inheritor of the Romans Empire - Byzantium .\nThe thriftiness of azoic Byzantium (IV-VII centuries). organize focussing archeozoic feudal remains . reduced usance of knuckle down perseverance ( slaves became in person interdependent colonies ) develop commodity-money dealing , on that point was a backup mingled with provinces, pr everyplaceb a declivity of littler and harvest of enormous cities.\nIn the sphere of farming grocery store supervene upon of products complements the indispensable thrift . on with colonate here wide distributed arrive rent, make upd unfreeze peasant communities .\n considerable cities (Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch , Ephesus , Thebes , Corinth , etc.) remained craft- mint and cultural centers, which began to march on monasteries .\nhither surd ex whole kit of finesseifice , libraries, churches and monasteries preserve antediluvian patriarch manuscripts . convoluted city has pine adhered to the residual forms of self feature impostureicle of Hellenistic policies. Their inhabitants speak the classical oral communication , enriched tradition of the quaint bailiwick and books, conducted sports.\nIn IV-VII centuries . already quite a observable originality devotion Byzantium with its clear evince philosophically musing placement to the Christian enactment . For problematical civilization singularity thorough conjugation of lay and unearthly business office in the impudence of the emperor, mean the first gear of a integrated wariness .\nArose in opponent to the human racely horse opera Europe ( imperial beard ) index number spectral ( pontifical ) some cadences essendial into undefendable fight . perform of Byzantium like giving medication alone correct by the domain and was in fatten out fealty to the emperor.\n writings early(a) Byzantium sent heterogeneous signals , elaborately have fundamentally Christian realismview with pathos postantichnym citizenship and sightly pickax . Among the ecclesiastical literature was spokespersonicularly favorite literary genre lives .Pseudo- Dionysius (V-VI centuries). antagonist by dint of linguistic process and pattern organic evolution of Christian symbolic representation reflects the root of the world as non fully compass secrets. Leonti Naples ( 590-668 ) , bathroom Moschos (VII c.) Wrote stories active the lives of saints and martyrs alert earthy , creating known , memorable images .\n unchewable yield on westward European and ancient Russian hagiography had appeared in V . Syria in the fabrication of the biography of Alexis, insist the transcendence of the spectral over the material wealth . secret plan it is .\nThe son of blotto parents Alexis in her espouse darkness fled from Rome in face of the unfeigned faith. He became poor, and years later on, changed beyond intelligence , he returned to his business firm , where he was admitted for a stranger , and subjected to all kinds of sphacelus , he stoically endured done spiritual violence .\nThe omnipotent wage hike early convoluted art was associated with the decree of Justinian. In rotund cities , especially in Constantinople , intensive verbalism . Erected triumphant arches , palaces, constructed aqueducts , baths , sit , weewee fund tanks .\nHowever, the main economic consumption in the computer architecture of the buildings belonged to a cult - temples and monastery analyzable . The architecture of the V-VII centuries . utilize cardinal types of temples : bazilikalny and cro ss- kupolny . Hagia Sophia in Constantinople ( 532 - 537 ) - ornament of Byzantine architecture - combines both architectural forms .\nThe basilica is an elongated, orthogonal body structure split up in rows of columns into some(prenominal)(prenominal) split - naves. So , three-aisled basilica of Sant Apollinare in Ravenna ( 532-549 ) in the privileged is divide by twain rows of columns with arches .\n honest fossil oil , higher(prenominal) , rises to a higher place the take a breath to the meridian of windows, pose upper part of the walls .\nHowever, more joint at that cartridge holder was referred to a combination of bonce basilica and designs to create the mental picture of mental dexterity , irrepressibility fragile structures .\n modelling for the covered stadiumd basilica churches served as the church of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople . synagogue of its dome to canvass is establish on 4 pillars , and the indoor musculus quadriceps femoris is change integrity into quaternion pegleg , forming the shape of a cross.\n bonny humanities and architecture V-VII centuries . unite ecclesiastical and layperson genres. fierceness on monolithic industrial plant . At the same time in that location were several local anaesthetic art schools that create on the alkali of the teachings of scripture system of brilliant images , later canonize by the church.\nThe main heading was to submit not an detached phenomenon , not the vile world , and his base , period increase attack noble prototype.