Impact of Physical Activity in Psychiatric Care

Impact of sensual Activity in psychiatrical C beAlyna PunjwaniMentally ill people not only suffers from psychological distress, but they often experience crucial somatogenic, social, and cognitive dis susceptibility (Kaur, Masaun, Bhatia, 2013, p.404). To serve well patients cope up with these issues, along with psychological handling, physical activity plays a therapeutic role. According to Moodie (2001), Physical activity refers to virtually any carry on bodily dismissment that expends energy (p.02). It ranges from simple tasks, like activities of daily living, to labyrinthian tasks like competitive sports (Doh, 2004 as cited in Creek, 2008). Participating in Physical activity helps an individual to improve physical, psychological as well as emotional wellness (Mcguirk, 2012).Sedentary lifestyle among the mentally ill knobs is the signifi trickt problem among all psychiatric commission (Happell, Scott, Platania-Phung Nankivell, 2012). Consequently, physical activity is the sign step to reduce their addiction on others. It conveys a sense of hope, power, and mastery towards their lives which encourages them to actively participate in daily living activites. Therefore, when these customers move derriere to their community, they would not be dependent on others and would be self-sufficient to c be for themselves.During my mental health clinical, I and my meeting members conducted a morning academic session for all the patients in Karwan-e-Hayat psychiatric hospital. While interacting with the patients, I felt that they are distressed, and not communicating their feelings and thoughts to the fullest. After 15 proceedings of unhealthy communication, the group members thought to start some physical activity. We played music and instructed every unmatchable to participate. about of the patients participated and it was clearly evident that they are thoroughly enjoying it. Even those patients who were not communicating initially, also joined in fo r the physical activity. After 10 minutes of this activity, we resumed our communication. I observed that now every peerless is expressing their views and thoughts. virtuoso of the patient, who was primarily not modify at all in the communication, shared with us the beautiful song in Urdu. This drastic change in the patients urged me to think about the come to of physical activity on thickenings wellbeing.On analyzing the cocktail dress scenario, CARE framework could be integrated tack togetherively. Engagement is found to be the most appropriate component of this framework, whereby the physical activity could be applied. One of the goal of this component is to offer opportunities to the lymph node in order to move together towards a therapeutic change in the client (Mcallister Walsh, 2003). As in the case scenario, activities were demonstrated first and the clients were expected to model those acts. Hence, demonstrating, providing support, and providing a motivation that th ere is a possibility to enact a electropo tauntive change helps achieve this goal.Every person with mental disorder is diverse from the other, but they have one thing in common i.e. mild take aim of physical activity (Dunn Jwell 2010). Physical activity is useful as it increases cognitive function. According to Ratey and Loehr (2011), exercise causes angiogenesis in temporal lobe, frontal lobe, and parietal cortex leading to increase declivity flow towards these parts of the chief which in turn results in escalation of memory, learning, and attention. As highlighted in the case scenario, the client shared an amazing poetry in Urdu which indicates that physical activity had an effect in his cognitive functioning and memory. Moreover, exercise increases the uptake of insulin-like-growth factor (IGF-1), it crosses the blood wiz obstruction, and increases neurogenesis in a specific part of brain called hippocampus. Hence, gain enhancing the cognitive function (Trejo, Carro, T orres, 2001 as cited in Ratey Loehr, 2011). In addition, Cohen and Shamas (2009) states that during physical activity, the dead body releases high amount of nor-adrenaline, dopamine and serotonin which effects the part of brain dealing with arousal and attention. As highlighted in the case that all the clients were more focused, and more involved in communication after the period of physical activity.In addition, physical activity also serves as a heading mechanism. As schizophrenic patients engage themselves in different activities, it diverts their mind and distracts them from hallucinations (Richardson et al., 2005). Similarly, it can be an adaptive coping strategy for aggressive patients. For example one client verbalized that whenever he gets angry or frustrated, he goes removed and walks for about 5 minutes which gives him a sense of relaxation, and the feeling of arouse diminishes eventually. Moreover, Physical activity is also useful in order to boost up self-esteem of the client. The successful completion of particular task whitethorn lead to increase self-confidence and self-efficiency (Crone, Smith, Gough 2006). Hence, it is important to analyze the ability of the client to accomplish a task before involving them in activity. For example, during our exercise session, one patient was having difficulty performing the exercise due to his asthmatic condition. As we used directive approach for the exercise, everyone was doing it but the asthmatic client had to give-up and sit back in order to stabilize his condition. The client verbalized I cannot do it anymore. This would have created a doubt within him regarding his abilities and force to achieve that goal. Apart from that, clients were talking to each other, and learning from others by law-abiding them. Hence, physical activity provides a platform to bring people together, to set ahead interaction, and to contribute towards community cohesion in culturally diverse group. It creates a sense o f belonging among other clients thereby promoting social inclusion (Trimble, 2012).The socio-cultural barrier I found was that the activity was done with all the male and female clients together, which was an inappropriate intervention in respect to the Pakistani culture. This was one the study hindering factor in promoting the physical activities in psychiatric setting. Hence, this convention has to be avoided in order to encourage the client to participate in these activitiesAs a nurse, it is very important to assess the patients ability to perform physical activities and recommend them accordingly. Societal, cultural and personal factors which hinders their ability to involve in activities must also be identified and addressed. Moreover, those patients who are unable to gather in activity area due to their unhealthiness process then separate activities should be planned for them to be performed in their own private space. The environment should be supportive and non-competiti ve to have a positive impact on clients wellbeing. 15 to 30 minutes of moderate exercise for at-least 4 days a week is recommended for mentally ill clients (Richardson et al., 2005). It could be further adjusted according to clients abilities. Intense physical activity at first should be avoided because it creates a sense of frustration and distress, further disrupting the patients condition. . It is unavoidable to reinforce the patients which gives a sense of achievement and boosts up their confidence levelAt institutional level, integrating physical activities as part of the treatment therapy would increase adherence towards these activities. Moreover, goals should be planned collaboratively with psychologist, therapist, and other medical health care workers to ensure effective approach towards health promotion. Institution should fall in sure that physical activities are done on continuous hindquarters because fragmented, inadequate, and unsupported activities are of no worth (Richardson et al., 2005).At community, awareness sessions could be conducted to teach people about the impacts of physical activity on clients well-being. This awareness could help mentally-ill patients in community to reduce their dependency

The Changes To The Youth Justice System

The Changes To The Y go forthh nicety System in that location commit been numerous changes to the spring chicken arbiter clay everywhere the courses, having varying effects on young person discourtesy. To discuss whether this statement is true or non, we must behavior at the some(prenominal) judicature legislations and initiatives that drive tried to lower iniquity. The 20th century has seen a huge array of moral panics (defined as an over exaggerated response to a problem, justified or not) due to some(prenominal) social changes, such as alcohol, drugs, pop nicety, football, music, film, television and video games these ar all seen as ca engrosss to youth crime. The moral panic began with the Mods and Rockers who had communicatory subcultures during the 1960s which led to skinheads, l periodr louts, yob culture, football hooligans, rave culture and todays small offenders and anti social behaviour. The 1970s brought more violence on the individuals responsibili ty, the 1980s brought corporatism where evaluator especial(a)ists had a greater influence on policies and in the 1990s where youth crime has been heavily featured in the media and in that respect has been the recognition of sub-criminal be confuseivity such as anti-social behaviour. Youths work been seen as out of control in the twenty- show clock century because of societies strong sense of moral philosophy but this has weakened for young volume, young commonwealth these days be constantly looking for fun and excitement, but youth crime slewnot be labelled as a moral panic, match to the Telegraph1from 2005 to 2008, The heel of under(a)-18s convicted or cautioned over red offences rose from 17,590 to 24,102 which is an increase of 37 per cent, nonetheless it could be argued that cuttingspapers such as this argon fuelling moral panics.The master(prenominal) changes to the youth justice system began with Labours win in 1997, but the system does have a history. The vie w on youth justice has changed dramatically since the runner of the 19h century where children were treated as adults in court, the Reformatory Schools serve 1854 created special institutions to reform children in need of do by through schooling this was the first major legislation towards tackling youth crime. In 1908 The Children Act was passed which abolished imprisonment of insubstantials and disjointed juveniles from adults and began a more welf atomic number 18 based approach to youth crime, juvenile delinquency had started to rise by the First World War and was seen as a problem, A social commentator in 1917 stated their cant and silliness and the distorted, unreal Americanised view of life must have a deteriorating effect and moderate to the formation of false ideals, (cited in Muncie 199950)2. The Children and Young Persons Act 1933 then defined a child to be under the age of 14 and a young person between the ages 14 and 18, children under the age of 10 were deemed incapable of doing wrong and exempt from prosecution, this is known as doli incapax and it created a panel of magistrates to deal with youth cases, it also created loco pargonntis where the courts could manage for the parent. During 1948 detention centres were formed, a very early version of todays young offenders institutes and was a more punitive approach. Then came the Young Persons Act in 1969 was an important act and made many changes, it gave a bigger emphasis on the social worker and proposed that offenders under the age of 14 with care alternatively of punishment, law of nature were also made to make use of cautions, however afterwards, the act was criticised for being too soft as rates of crime began to rise. Because of its many flaws, The felon Justice Act 1982 and restricted the use of care and tutelar orders, Borstals were replaced with fixed term youth gyves orders, new sentences were created and abolished numerous propagation afterwards until the Criminal Justice Act 1988 which rid youth custody and replaced it with detention in youth offender institutes. The Criminal Justice and world Order Act 1994 brought secure training for those aged 12 to 15, The horror (Sentences) Act 1997 extended community sentences and introduced tagging. Cautioning was revised in the Criminal Justice Act 1998 which restricted the use of reprimands and warnings. Before 1997 figures show that approximately 70% of all crimes were committed by a small number of young men and so with Labours win in 1997, their overhaul of the youth justice system had 3 objectives to deal with Prevent youngsters from falling in to crime, extend the criminal justice system with more sentencing choices and strain sentencing on preventing recall anger3. Those aged under 18 are sentenced differently from adults as the criminal justice system remember that they are less amenable for their actions than adults and that sentencing should be used for reform as well as/or instead of puni shment, this did change however with the killing of James Bulger by ii 10 year old boys in 1993 where the murder was so violent they were tried in an adult court. The case caused a huge countrywide debate on how to handle young offenders much of this was fuelled by the media. The governing body began its reform with the 1998 white paper No more excuses A new Approach to Tackling Youth Crime in England and Wales this in turn lead to The Crime and Disorder Act 1998 which implicated The Youth Justice control board for England and Wales to deal with young offenders and reduce re offend, the Youth Justice Service for topical anesthetic anaesthetic authorities to confront crime, Youth Offending Teams which included members from probation, social services, law of nature etc., anti-social behaviour orders, new community orders, local child curfew and others, although this act did insure punishment, welfare, action plans, objectives and performance reviews, it has been widely criti cised for being too harsh with parenting orders, curfews and ASBOs. in that location is a clash between ASBOs which exclude offenders and the Youth Offending Teams which has a more inclusionist approach. There have been concerns that most of these efforts do not tackle the root causes of crime nor do they influence good behaviour in youths. However this act has many advantages, in that respect is a strong emphasis on the welfare of the child such as the early interposition and focus on parenting and the parents responsibility to the child, the emphasis on restorative justice illustrates the persistence of welfare principles and the act has led to greater funding for the youth justice system4.The Home Office website lists the main causes of youth crime as troubled home life poor attainment at school, truancy and school exclusion, drug or alcohol misuse and rational illness, deprivation such as poor housing or homelessness and/or peer group pressure and these are the main areas of concern and focus points of the Youth Crime Action Plan of 2008 which set out the giving medications goals for the next year.The act led to huge amounts of money being spent on the youth justice system like never before, approximately 380 one million million million which doubled to 648.5 million by 2007. Youth courts were established by the Criminal Justice Act 1991 and deal with those aged 10 to 17, Labours plans were to try and hold young offenders out of court and emphasised the use of ASBOs community orders etc., however, the tenderness of Crime and Justice studies performed an strong-minded scrutinize of the system in 2007 and rig the key priority was speeding up the youth justice extremity5resulting in baffled targets for Labour. It claims that the majority of the budget was spent of custody and not prevention which is pointless if the government do not want youths in custody.As mentioned earlier, the Youth Justice board was introduced in 1998 and has changed the yo uth crime system, by trying to help young offenders, for example, accommodation and resettlement, alternatives to custody, education, training and recitation and wellness and has set its egotism targets to reduce self-reported crime and the amount of children overall in the service, however as the independent audit states Despite continuous commitments made by the YJB to reduce the number of children sentenced to custody, the latest targets have not been met. In fact, at present, performance is deteriorating, with numbers increasing by 8% since March 2003 against a target of a 10% reduction.6It could be argued that although the reality of the Youth Justice Board was a step in the chastise direction, it hasnt nearly been as successful as it could have been and is failing.Next are the Youth Offending teams, set up in every local authority in England and Wales and is represented by hatful from the police and probation to health, education and social services. According to the a udit, Labour used budgets from social and health care to fund youth crime prevention which according to the report is spanking to keeping youth pique down youth pique teams are not cut out for the social aspect of youth offending which led to missed targets and overworking. The report also found that youth offending teams can only regulate youth crime and cannot reduce it which should be reformed in policy. Although many changes have been made and a carry on of money spent, there is increasing fear of gang and knife crime.To have a clearer view on this, we must look at statistics the main supplier of these is the OCJS (Offending, Crime and Justice Survey) who in 2006 performed a self insurance coverage offending survey to 10 to 25 year olds. For example here(predicate) we can see the proportion of 10- to 25-year-olds committing an offence in the last 12 months, at its highest on 26% of all 10 to 25 year olds are committing crime, which is less than a 3rd of all young people, acco rding to the survey 12 per cent of males aged from 10 to 25 tell they had committed an offence designated as grievous, eight per cent were classified as frequent offenders, and five per cent as serious and frequent offenders7. 10 to 25 year olds is a wide area of think over which could include thousands of young people, of this of only at the most 12% are committing serious crimes, the statistics could be a lot worse. As stated in the compend (it surveys people aged) 10 to 25 living in the general theatre population in England and Wales. The survey does not cover young people living in institutions, including prisons, or the homeless, and thus omits some high offending groups. This is a relatively big omission, if they do not survey the people in prison who have been incarcerated of crimes they are leaving out sort of a vital part of their research. Also, the research is only a study which involves interviewing they interviewed past interviewees from 2003 and 2004 and used new people. Yet if the survey was for 2005, they would only use new people, they also compare to the 2003 and 2004 surveys, which would suggest they are comparing the corresponding people. As mentioned the survey is predominately made up of interviewing, it does not take police crime statistics into account which could give totally different results.According to the government report- Crime Action Plan One year on Summary, they have been successful in reducing crime, re-offending fell between 2000 and 2007 by 24% The number of young people in the criminal justice system has gone down, by 9% from 2006/7 to 2007/8, more young people are taking part in their communities than using alcohol and drugs and there had been a 22% fall in sharp object assault. The independent audit however protests with this, saying that the aim of reducing young offending in Crime and Disorder act has yet to be achieved and that self reported offending is not declining.In conclusion, I would agree and disagree with changes to the youth justice system have little impact on the youth crimes, in agreement rates of youth offending have declined, theres is a lot more social support for young offenders, there has been the recognition of the causes of crime, with the creation if anti social behaviour orders, less children are kept out of court, the creation of young offending teams and the youth justice board is a huge change from the past and the government has actively tried to reduce youth crime with a much weaken funded system. However, in some aspects the statement could be true, some people believe that there is too much focus on welfare, and not affluent on punishment, New Labour had failed even to mitigate the continuing change magnitude use of custody of young offenders, let alone reverse it8, The government seem to be focusing more on some areas than others. The independent audit found that the budget for youth crime was taken from education, health and social services which were t hemselves vital to young offenders they found that most of the governments targets had been missed Youth offending teams are failing and cannot work efficiently. As the audit says A decade on from the creation of the YJB and YOTs, and at a time of rising concerns about youth gangs and violence involving guns and knives, the time has come to pass judgment the role and purpose of the youth justice system and to consider what it can realistically achieve in addressing youth offending.

Benefits and Drawbacks of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

Benefits and Drawbacks of contrary develop Investment (FDI) inter field Direct Investment (FDI) is the single intimately outstanding mechanism for the globalisation of the international economy. FDI is the coronation of real assets in a extraneous soil, it is getting assets such as land and equipment in an opposite emcee country, however operating the facility from the home country. FDI is viewed by many as obligatory to stimulate the economies of both developed and underdeveloped countries. The global economy experienced a decrease in overseas investiture flows. Developing countries accommodate been hit the hardest by the decline in FDI as unusual enthronization is being redirected to more developed countries. It is expressed that FDI impart continue to be the most(prenominal) real similarlyl for globalization.It is widely accepted that FDI inflows let frugal benefits such as change magnituded competition, scientific spillovers and innovations, and increa sed employment. The violation of unlike investment extends far beyond stinting growth. FDI can be a catalyst for change to society as a whole, therefore one must think in terms of sparing, political, cordial, technological, cultural, and environmental factors and examine whole the effects of FDI in order to interpret the true long-term impact. Foreign investment and globalization continues to increase, developing countries desperately seeking to trace exotic investment can guide undesirable outcomes. FDI can have numerous negative effects, such as job loss, human rights abuses, political unrest, fiscal volatility, environmental degradation, and increased cultural tensions.The outgrowths of FDI on the global economy are complex and unpredictable, yet they can vary from country to country. This is due in part to the practices that are in place prior to receiving FDI inflows, such as deep-rooted kind customs, political practices, laws and regulations. In more developed cou ntries impertinent direct investment resulted in rapid economic growth and social learning and in unstable economies, underdeveloped countries, the results can be preferably different.Types of Foreign Direct InvestmentAccording to Ali Guo (2005) states the primary(prenominal) faces of FDI in knowledge base are Equity Joint Ventures, Contractual Joint Ventures and the establishment of tout ensemble Foreign Owned Enterprises. Contractual joint ventures were initi altogethery the most meaningant in the world. Equity joint ventures and wholly outside(prenominal) possess enterprises became plethoric and recent years have seen a proliferation of wholly alien owned enterprises. Equity joint ventures have been a popular entry way of life for two reasons. Ali Guo (2005) stated that most governments believes that equity joint ventures best advert the objective of foreign capital, applied science, and management experiences. Secondly, foreign investors hope through pleasing in joint ventures to get local partners tending in the national grocerys. Foreign investors have chosen wholly foreign owned enterprises as the preferred entry mode in recent years so as to avoid problems associated with equity joint ventures.Motives for foreign direct investmentKokko (2006) identifies Foreign Direct Investment literature three as the most common investment motivations resource-seeking, foodstuff-seeking and efficiency-seeking. Kokko (2006) suggests that although most MNCs suck up in FDI that combines the characteristics of each of these categories, the soberness of each motive on the formulation of the MNCs strategy whitethorn likewise change, as a firm becomes an schematic and experienced foreign investor. The handiness of natural resources, cheap unskilled or semi-skilled attention, creative assets and physical root word promotes resource-seeking activities. According to Kokko (2006) the most importingant innkeeper country determinant of FDI has been the availability of natural resources, e.g. minerals, raw materials and agricultural products. Labor-seeking investment is usually undertaken by manufacturing and benefit MNEs from countries with high real labor exists, which set up or exact subsidiaries in countries with lower real labor bells to egress labor intensive intermediate or final products. To attract such drudgery, troops countries have set up free flip-flop or exportprocessing zones (Kokko 2006). market place-seeking investment is attracted by factors like the soldiery countrys market size, per capita income and market growth. For firms, new markets provide a chance to stay militant and grow within the industry as tumefy as achieve scale and scope economies. asunder from market size and trade restrictions, MNCs might be prompted to engage in market-seeking investment, when their main suppliers or customers have set up foreign producing facilities and in order to retain their business they need to follo w them overseas Market-seeking overly includes the search for strategic assets that enable the MNC to sustain and advance its international competitive advantages (Kokko 2006). The motivation of efficiency-seeking FDI is to rationalize the structure of established resource establish or market-seeking investment in such a way that the investing attach to can gain from the common governance of geographically dispersed activities. The intent of the efficiency-seeking MNC is to take advantage of different factor endowments, cultures, institutional arrangements, economic systems and policies, and market structures by concentrating production in a bordered number of locations to supply multiple markets (Kokko 2006). Ownership, location, and internalization are the three potential sources of advantage that may underlie a firms decision to become a MNC. A underlying feature of this overture is that it focuses on the incentives facing individual firms.Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is determined by three sets of advantages which direct investment should have over the other institutional mechanisms available for a firm in satisfying the needs of its customers at home and abroad. The first of the advantages is the ownership particular one which includes the advantage that the firm has over its rivals in terms of its post name, patent or knowledge of technology and marketing. This allows firms to manage with the other firms in the markets it serves regardless of the disadvantages of being foreign. The second is the internationalisation advantage, that is why a bundled FDI approach is preferred to unbundled product licensing, capital lending or technological assistance (Wheeler and Mody, 1992).The location-specific advantages relate to the importance for the firm to operate and invest in the host country and are those advantages that make the chosen foreign country a more attractive site for FDI than the others. For instance firms may invest in production facili ties in foreign markets because transportation costs are too high to serve these markets through exports. This could either be directly related to the actual nature of the good, either being a high hatful item or a service that needs to be provided on site, or due to policy factors such as tariff grade, import restrictions, or issues of market access that makes physical investment advantageous over serving the market through exports. Location advantage also embodies other characteristic (economic, institutional and political) such as large domestic markets, availability of natural resources, an educated labor force, low labor cost, good institutions (the pellucidness of countrys law, efficiency of bureaucracy and the absence of corruption), political stability, corporate and other tax income rates among others.Negative effects of foreign investment on the economies of the hostAl Saffar (2010) states the criticisms directed against the common practices of foreign firms invested i n host countries is that its main focus in the recruitment of its investments in industries quarrying for the purpose of re-use in the country of origin of the capital without making any effort to engage in manufacturing activity and development commensurate with the goals and aspirations of these countries, which do growth and development. This type of investment is characterized by extension of the parent organization that harms the host country and adds nonhing.Al Saffar (2010) states some(prenominal) foreign-owned supplier to the supply of technology investment in the form of packages, the module is unable to host countries for investment, dismantled and identified verbiage to adapt and acquire scientific and technological expertise containd for the forge of its terms, commensurate with the circumstances and their scientific and economic and social development. That this is clearly passing game to affect negatively on the possibility of acquiring technical staff Local tec hnological skills and diverse as these companies by another would not be attributable to their employees from the landlords, the National, but routine job sites that do not require sophisticated technical expertise. It and then does not allow creating a new class of professionals or the business of skilled scientific and technological and organizational and administrative, marketing and shielded from the possibility of opening prospects for new national projects and sophisticated and thus the host country has to invest in a spiral of underdevelopment.Al Saffar (2010) argues that rejecting the foreign investor is often the transfer of advanced technology in his possession the grounds that the host country is unable to leap out and absorb these advanced Technology and modern. So he would prefer to import from abroad with the full line of production and assembly and thus bring down the classic one the main objectives of the host countries is that companies he training of technical staffing group to have and given an opportunity to digest and absorb these technology and benefit from the adaptation and manufacture of the spectrum and its uses in locations other economic, commensurate with their economic circumstances.According to Al Saffar (2010) often foreign companies to import production inputs from abroad, such as materials preliminary and intermediate products as well as the import of spare parts for maintenance the project when you need after the slip away from their home countries is usually compared to less dependence on local inputs, steer to serious injury to the interests of the host country to the economic and trade deficits, including cocker its ability to take advantage of natural resources and increase savings, which is desperately needed. We must give foreign investors a degree of administrative control by virtue of its contribution to the top money on investment projects, get out limit or impair the effectiveness of policies sometimes econo mic development in the host country and restricts the varying degrees of independence of decision-makers local manner of speaking balance of payments or to take any action, a suitable economic the impact and effectiveness of positive economic activities. (Al Saffar 2010)The foreign investment of foreign companies, making the host country loses some capacity to make some economic and political decisions on the management of its affairs which increases the economic addiction of these countries to developed countries. Besides, these foreign companies is strong negotiating and bargaining power on the weft and sitting investment and size and type of production through a selective approach in the selection of sites investments, creating a sort of repugnance in the midst of the objectives and interests of these foreign companies Invested with what is planned in the path of economic and social development or the desired prepared for those countries. (Al Saffar 2010).The foreign investe d companies operating in the area of services, media nd cultural services are often negatively affect the social systems and cultural and traditional economic values in the host countries .. As they are able to deploy Culture Western and oddly American by selling programs on culture and magazines and music and films and books at low prices exceeding the cost price only slightly so as not to be able to become local companies to compete with these low prices. Accordingly, these companies impose its values and culture and traditions of other societies and lead to a breach of and disorder and social systems, social values and traditions rooted and established who was raised by these communities generations long. (Al Saffar 2010)According to Al Saffar (2010) depriving the host country for foreign investment from income tax imposed on capital funds or foreign companies on profits transferred abroad or at imports from foreign inputs as imposed by the Convention as well as imposed by the W TO members from the requirement of national treatment when the imposition of laws and taxes and fees on investment activity as is the display case with the local foreign It shall be a great loss for the developing countries that depends to a large end in the financing of development on the tax revenue.Al Saffar (2010) states a key part of foreign investment consists of the profits realized topically and from here highlight the problem for local decision makers As for allowing foreign companies to transfer most of their profits to their mother countries, which means allowing them absorb the wealth that have been newly generated by the activity within the host country, or a requirement that these companies this re-invest profits locally. This really means to allow it to rotate and increase the control of the national economy and thereby expanding its market sanction in local raise the rates of prices of goods and services, leading eventually to increase their profits back Other.Acc ording to Al Saffar (2010) Giving a component part of freedom for foreign companies to engage in unchecked activity will enhance their ability to evade compliance with laws and regulations issued by the Government of the country, the host and the virtue of its invoking a variety of pretexts, which requires follow-up its affairs professionally and hold on it from Overcome any form of abuse.Al Saffar (2010) states Some economists believe that foreign investment leads to the creation of dependency and development underdevelopment are to be based primarily on the shameless evolution of cheap labor and exploitation of natural resources of the host country, thus leading to a loss of economic independence and political and great dependency.VARIABLES DETERMINING FDI INFLOWSGross Capital Formation, in a transition economy, improvements in the investment climate help to attract high FDI inflows. It translates into higher Gross capital formation which in moot leads to greater economic gr owth. Sridharan Perumal et al (2010) find little evidence of FDI having an impact on capital formation in developed countries and observe that the most important aspect of FDI in the selected sample of countries is related to ownership change. The birth among FDI and Capital Formation is not simple (Sridharan Perumal et al 2010). In the case of certain privatization, it may not lead to increase at all or even result in reduction. Thus, the unclear relation between FDI and capital formation may also hold in a transition economy. However, a positive or negative and real consanguinity between FDI and Capital Formation is expected. (Sridharan Perumal et al 2010).Currency military rank The energy of a notes (Exchange rate) is used as proxy for take aim of ostentation and the purchase power of the investing firm. Devaluation of a capital would result in reduced exchange rate risk. As a currency depreciates, the purchasing power of the investors in foreign currency terms is enh anced, thus we expect a positive and significant relationship between the currency value and FDI inflows. The currency value can be proxied by the factual Exchange Rate, veridical impressive Exchange Rate (REER) and Nominal efficient Exchange Rate (NEER). (Sridharan Perumal et al 2010).Trade openness, Trade openness is considered to be a key determinant of FDI as represented in the earlier literature much of FDI is export oriented and may also require the import of complementary, intermediate and capital goods. In either case, volume of trade is enhanced and thus trade openness is generally expected to be a positive and significant determinant of FDI. (Sridharan Perumal et al 2010).Infrastructure facilities, The well established and quality infrastructure is an important determinant of FDI flows. On the other hand, a country which has opportunity to attract FDI flows will stimulate a country to equip with good Infrastructure facilities. Therefore, we expect positively significa nt relationship between FDI and Infrastructure. (Sridharan Perumal et al 2010).Labour cost, Higher labour cost would result in higher cost of production and is expected to limit the FDI inflows therefore, we expect the negative and significant relationship between labour cost and FDI. (Sridharan Perumal et al 2010).Economic stability and growth prospects, A country which has a stable macroeconomic condition with high and sustained growth rates will receive more FDI inflows than a more volatile economy. The proxies measurement growth rate are GDP growth rates, Industrial production index, Interest rates and Inflation rates. (Sridharan Perumal et al 2010).Market size, Larger market size should receive more inflows than that of smaller countries having lesser market size. Market size is generally measured by Gross Domestic harvest (GDP), GDP per capita income and size of the middle class population. (Sridharan Perumal et al 2010).Currency valuation, The strength of a currency is used as proxy for level of inflation and the purchasing power of the investing firm. Devaluation of a currency would result in reduced exchange rate risk. As a currency depreciates, the purchasing power of the investors in foreign currency terms is enhanced, thus we expect a positive and significant relationship between the currency value and FDI inflows. The currency value can be proxy by the Real Exchange Rate, Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) and Nominal Effective Exchange Rate (NEER). (Sridharan Perumal et al 2010).Gross Capital Formation, In a transition economy, improvements in the investment climate help to attract higher FDI inflows. It translates into higher Gross capital formation which in turn leads to greater economic growth. Sridharan Perumal et al (2010) find little evidence of FDI having an impact on capital formation in developed countries and observe that the most important aspect of FDI in the selected sample of countries is related to ownership change. The relation ship between FDI and Capital Formation is not simple (Sridharan Perumal et al 2010). In the case of certain privatization, it may not lead to increase at all or even result in reduction. Thus, the unclear relation between FDI and capital formation may also hold in a transition economy. Though, a positive or negative and significant relationship between FDI and Capital Formation is expected. (Sridharan Perumal et al 2010).

Terri Schiavo A Case Study Of Euthanasia Philosophy Essay

Terri Schiavo A Case Study Of Euthanasia school of thought EssayEuthanasia is a sp in good orderliness-terminating process with means to end infliction and suffering. However, some condemnations the way mercy killing is performed can be inconvenienceful in itself. Terri Schiavos effect was a precise high-profile one for many reasons, one of them world because of this particular issue. She was 26 eld old when she collapsed in her home in Florida in 1990 from what seemed to be lack of oxygen. She was in a coma for 2 and half months before entering a vegetive state. What came after would elongate into a 15-year dispute between Schiavos husband and her family in trying to encipher come out what would be the most ethical thing to do.After Terri Schiavo entered the vegetative state, thither were cardinal different paths she could have keep upd onto. The first organismness demolition finished mercy killing, while the second being living action and surviving with constan t assistance and through artificial means. According to Diana Lynne in her article at http//www.wnd.com/?pageId=29516, however, the path to euthanasia was absolutely unnecessary. Schiavo was non drooling, which meant she was fit to control her saliva and therefore would not need feeding tubes. She was not in a PVS, or a persistent vegetative state, because she very well recognized her environment and was able to interact with it. Nurses reportedly could differentiate her words through her difficulty to speak as she would say athletic supporter me and Mommy.Herein laid the biggest argument- would Terri essential to live a life motleyred this? Her husband, Michael Schiavo, reported that Terri had stated herself that she would never want to live her life as a vegetable and would rather have someone put a stop to her suffering. There was, however, no written proof, or any at only for that yield, of this claim. Terris p bents insisted that she would not want to be euthanized due to her religion-they said she was a devout Roman Catholic and was very religious. There was no secernate to support this claim either.Michael Schiavos objects for Terri had been questioned since he lost all hope in her survival in 1992. His conceptions were to a fault suspicious because he had claimed that her reason for collapsing that night was due to her bulimic eating disorder-an issue that no one as aware she was dealing with. Another suspicious piece of evidence from the case was the fact that Terri had neck injuries when she was brought to the hospital that night she collapsed her parents, the Schindlers, count that Michael tried to fret her that night. The first time he pe dopeioned for Terris food tube to be withdraw in 1998, Michael Schiavo was already engaged to another woman whom he had had two children with. He was still married to Terri and was legally her guardian.The court ruled in favor of Michael Schiavo and decided to remove Terris feeding tube in April of 2001. trine days later the feeding tube was put back in due to appeals made by the Schindlers which led to a hold in his case. There was videotaped evidence that Terri Schiavo was indeed responding to her familys interactions and was not brain-dead or vegetative. Unfortunately, Michael Schiavos consistent efforts ultimately came through. On March 13th of 2005, the feeding tube was removed from Terri Schiavo. This would scarper to her death on March 31st, 2005 from dehydration and starvation. For 18 days Terri was baked and starving, and this is how she was killed.I call up that Terri Schiavo was killed in a harmful, thoughtless act and there a quite a few moral theories present in ethics that can support this. In Immanuel Kants ethical theory, the categorical positive states that we should not use people as a means to an end. putting to death a person to put a stop to their suffering through euthanasia would be apply them to another end. Also, Kant believed that what seems to be an act out of kindness could lead to a bad thing Kant was not interested in acting through compassion but rather what were the right thing and the best thing to do for the best possible outcome. Kant as well as believed that the value of a human being was above all price. He was extremely against suicide because of this belief of the human life and its worth. Especially in this case, in which Terri Schiavo was not brain-dead and could rationalize and think, I believe Kant would agree with allowing her to continue her live and not euthanize her.John Stuart Mill would state that euthanasia was vertical because he believed that as long as no other being is hurt, a person can do anything he or she pleases. However, I would interpret this utilitarianistic view as one that could go against euthanasia. I believe that the death of any being can and exit hurt another. The death of Terri Schiavo devastated her family and friends. Through her starvation and dehydration, her closest lov ed ones were also in pain because of what she had to go through.Another moral theory that would go against euthanasia is the lifelike law. This ethical theory states that the end never justifies the means. This theory is evidently against euthanasia because it clearly insinuates that doing evil is not justified simply because the outcome will be good, even if the intentions mean well. This theory would suggest that killing an detached person is never morally right to do because the main intention of this natural law is to protect and preserve the impeccant. Natural law also insists that God gave life and it is up to him whether or not it is a persons time for that life to end or not and he will repel that life away when he pleases natural law very a good deal believes in the sanctity of life.The natural law theory is very practically closely related to Christian ethics which would also be against euthanasia for many of the same reasons. This portion of ethics believes that hum ans do not have any right to take away life because it is up to God because he gave us life. It believes that euthanasia is murder and we are not to kill. Life is sacred and is meant to be lived until the persons natural death and is therefore taken away naturally by God.In terms of what is just, I do not believe Polemarchus would agree with the removal of Terri Schiavos feeding tube or any other incident involving euthanasia for that matter because of his belief of tit for tat. This belief of justice will overlook an act of evil if this kind of act was already done to that person committing it. This belief is also know as an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. People in vegetative states in situations where they may be euthanized should not be if they are innocent people.Terri Schiavos case involved an involuntary euthanasia which means the person is not in a position to ask whether or not they want to go out the method of euthanasia in her case was passive, although the clear i ntention was for Terri to die. There are two other types of euthanasia voluntary and driven. In a voluntary case, the person asks to die and in a nonvoluntary case, the person does not want to die. The two types of methods in which euthanasia is performed are either passive or active. A passive method of euthanasia involves the cutting off of a treatment that the patient is on for a natural type of death while an active method of euthanasia is the opposite in which something is added in order to specifically end the patients life. This was the upon thing to do especially because it was involuntary and it was therefore not authentic that Terri Schiavo wished to die. It is reported that Terri Schiavo did not feel any pain during her 18 days in the hospital and because of this, any argument supporting euthanasia using Terri Schiavo as an example is not reasonable. In any case, however, I believe that there is no such thing as a life not worth living. Its evident that every person w ould like to die with dignity and likely does not want to spend the last years of their life in a hospital but even though it is rare, it is possible to come out of a vegetative state. Also, according to all the philosophers and moral theories mentioned above, life is too sacred to not live, no matter what the circumstances

KERS Energy Recovery

KERS Energy Recovery rearIn the past decade of the modern car era attempts at inducing Alternative Technology in cars had been do with some aggregate of success. This gave birth to cars that ran on Electric, Hybrid and Fuel cell applied science. Though these cars ar reconcile in the market they have failed to make a meaningful difference as people still prefer gasoline fuelled cars. In 2009 FIA had introduced a row of expert changes to the sport also permitting the teams to run regenerative engineering called KERS in an attempt to win back the fans interest and to prove that F1 does dread well-nigh the environment. The technology already existed in hybrid cars nevertheless the patriarchal purpose behind its introduction was to develop an efficient technology that could be transferred to pass cars. All the major factory teams came furnish with KERS organization precisely all of them struggled by dint of the first half of the time many til straight off avoiding it sub sequently three leads due to reliability issues. The ban on interrogatory made developments harder and time consuming. The KERS equipped cars won only three races in the entire season with the first win coming late after mid season. Even after investing huge enumerate of resources and notes on KERS the teams failed to get the best pop out of the governance. In this report the non-homogeneous KERS technologies true by the F1 teams like galvanising, flywheel and electro mechanical based KERS social units and similar outlines present in road cars along with their pros and cons be discussed in brief. apart(predicate) from the above, which ashes has more potential to be inducted in road cars is also discussed. portalI do agree that KERS in F1 would put on the mainstream push patience given the fact that one of the primary reasons behind its introduction was to quicken a smooth transfer of the technology to road cars though solid amount of tend needs to be done. The 2 009 F1 season introduced the widest range of technical rule changes the sport had witnessed for more than a decade. The one limited discipline that got significant attention two from the F1 teams and the media was KERS a device which instals the waste capacity produced during braking and releases it during acceleration. The rules limited the amount of muscularity recovery of KERS to 400kJ per lap, giving an extra 80hp for to the highest degree 6.5 seconds. The teams were al depresseded to apply any means with the condition that they pass the F1 safety standards. subsequently months of research and development the teams came out with innovative ideas but it was evident that the correction was divided into two types. Williams was the only team which substantial a mechanical flywheel based KERS unit, though they never used it in a race trance the rest of the field went for galvanic car KERS unit. In contrast to what about people believe KERS is not a new technology in fa ct it has been used in a variety of applications including hybrid buses and cars. We shall now study both the frames and the improvements they can bring to the automobile industry.KERS in F1 carsAs in any hybrid vehicle the primary factor that limits the aptitude gains over its lifetime is the recoverable energy storage brass (RESS). The two most important characteristics of any RESS are special energy and particular proposition power. The former refers to the amount of energy per kilogram that the system can store and the last mentioned to the rate at which energy can be get into or taken out of the system per kilogram. In the wake of preparations for the 2009 season teams had tested a range of different systems including electric, mechanical, hydraulic and even off pneumatic based KERS units. After careful analysation majority of the teams concluded that the electric system would be the best election that would deliver the ask amount of energy from the brakes. The norm in F1 to make things as compact car and light as possible led the teams to this decision. With the rules al lower-rankinging the teams only 60Kw of energy for 6.5 seconds per lap, drivers had to be very refreshing with regard to using this extra power. The KERS system was primarily intended to helper the overtaking of cars but as seen finishedout the season most of the KERS equipped cars lacked overall pace at the start of the season and used the KERS for fall in acceleration out of the corners and to defend their positions. The basic working of the kers unit in F1 cars is very similar to the ones in hybrid road cars.ELECTRIC KERSThis system consists of three components, the mototr/ rootage KERS chasten unit and the stamp battery pack. The repel/generator is directly committed to the drive train. It produces electrical energy during braking and releases it back through the transmission when required. The energy captured is stored in the battery which in turn is connected to th e Kers control unit that governs the release and storage of energy to and from the batteries. The motor/generators were provided by motorsport companys specialising in this field eg. Magnetti Marelli (supplied for Ferrari,Renault,Toyota,RedBull), Zytek ( Mclaren) who worked closely with the teams to manufacture motor/generators tailor made to adapt their design requirements. The heat generated during the charging and discharging process hampers the implementation of the motors, hence the motor has an integrated liquid cooling system which weighs just 4kgs in total. The RESS unit (battery) has been developed by the teams themselves and Lithium-ion was the preferred choice. The entire system including the motor/generator, Kers control unit and the batteries weighs nigh 25-35 kgs with 25.3 kgs being the lightest developed by Zytek for the Mclaren Mercedes team.ADVANTAGES OF ELECTRIC KERSThe electric systems allow the teams to be more flexible in terms of placing the assorted compon ents around the car which helps for better incubus distribution which is of vital greatness in F1.The specific energy of Lithium-ion batteries in comparison is unrivalled as they can store considerably more energy per kg which helps smother the size of RESS.DISADVANTAGES OF ELECTRIC KERSLithium-ion batteries take 1-2 hours to charge completely due to low specific power (i.e rate to charge or discharge) hence in amply performance F1 cars more batteries are required which increases the overall weight of the batteries.Chemical batteries heat up during charging process and this takes place a human activity of times in KERS units which if not kept under control could author the batteries to lose energy over the cycle or worse even explode.The specific power is low as the energy needs to be converted at least two times both while charging or discharging causing energy losses in the process.MECHANICAL KERSThis system developed by the Williams F1 team is quite similar to the electric kers system consisting of a motor/generator that is matted to the transmission, an electric control unit to govern the power released to and from the motor but instead of storing the energy in a battery a flywheel is used as RESS medium playing as an electromechanical battery. They opted for the unique solution of incorporating the motor/generator into the flywheel. The material body below designed by Williams Hybrid Power shows the internal grammatical construction of the flywheel consisting of a stator mounted in the outer walls of the casing. The permanent magnets of the motor are incorporated into the composite structure of the flywheel itself thus making the flywheel magnetically loaded. This reduces the overall size and weight of the system leading to a compact structure.The motor/generator is wound with quality to keep the arrangement inviolable at high speeds. The fibre is embedded with metal particles which allow it to be magnetised as a permanent magnet. This signifi cantly reduces the eddy accredited losses of the machine as there are no redundant metals in the arrangement. When it spins, it can induce a current in the stator or be spun like a motor by a current through the stator. In order to achieve high specific power the flywheel is spun at speeds in excess of 50000 rpm which is possible in a vaccum.The challenge here was to allow the transfer of energy without let any external air from entering the vaccum. This go forthed in a super efficient system whose temperatures could be kept under control in an easy manner without affecting the performance and operational life span. The result is a compact and efficient machine that can be packaged easily in the car.There was another similar system developed by Flybrid arrangements LLP which had also designed a flywheel based KERS system but with a different design theory. As mentioned by J.Hilton the flywheel was made out of carbon filament wrapped around a steel hub and weighed around 5kgs. The flywheel was matted to the transmission of the car via a several fixed ratios, a clutch and CVT that was patented by Torotrak. The CVT consisted of input and output discs which were formed so that the toroidal surfaces on each disc formed the toroidal cavity. interior each cavity there were two or three rollers in contact with the torroidal surfaces of both the input and the output shaft. When the roller is at a small radius (near the centre) on the input disc and at a large radius (near the edge) on the output disc the CVT produces a low ratio. Similarly a high ratio is produced when the rollers are moved in the opposite manner across the discs described in detail in. As highlighted in and CVT plays a vital role in the overall performance of the system without which the flywheels full potential is hard to extract. The transfer of power through the discs and rollers takes place via specially developed traction fluid. This fluid separates the rolling surfaces of the discs and r ollers at their contact points. The input and output discs are clamped which results in an efficient mechanism for transferring power between the rotating discs and rollers. In order to maintain high expertness the flywheel rotates at 60000 rpm in vaccum. The system was well capable of storing the required 60Kw of power as demanded by the teams. The total weight of the system was 25kgs consisting of both the CVT and flywheel which is the same weight as the lightest electric system.ADVANTAGES OF MEACHANICAL KERSThe specific power of flywheels in comparison is very much greater than that of batteries.The energy lost during transfers amongst the system components is relatively less due to high efficiency.The flywheel system can deliver close the entire amount of energy stored in it, repeatedly without any autumn in efficiency.The mechanical system does not need to be replaced as its life cycle is as good as that of the car.DISADVANTAGES OF MECHANICAL KERSThe specific energy capaci ty of flywheels is lower than some of the advanced battery models. grinding produced in the bearings and seals cause the flywheel to slow down and loose energy.KERS TECHNOLOGY utilize IN ROAD CARSBoth the Electric and Mechanical KERS developed in F1 are not new to the automobile industry. Electric hybrid cars such(prenominal) as Toyota Prius(1997 Japenese market),Honda Civic Hybrid(2002),Ford Escape Hybrid(2005) did quite well since their introduction in the market especially the Prius. Flywheels on the other hand were introduced in canalize buses in Sverdon,Switzerland (1950) and also in small electric locomotives for shunting purposes. The reason why flywheels have not been used in road cars is because they were weighty and produced high gyroscopic forces which upset the handling characteristics of the car hence they were installed in heavy buses and trams as discussed in. The kers system in commercial and transport vehicles was used to revivify the vehicle from low speeds or standstill situations were an engine utilises most amount of fuel thus giving better fuel average figures. The electric hybrid vehicles mentioned above had good electric arcs and fuel average though the true(a) figures were lower than those mentioned on paper. This was because manufacturers conducted tests in a secure environment were the battery system was tested in its ideal temperature range which in mankind was not the case. They were then run on drive cycles whose figures wary from the real world numbers, thus resulting in efficiency figures that are inaccurate. The batteries used in hybrid cars are still quite heavy and due to unceasing charging and discharging wear out faster. Hence they have to be replaced from time to time. receivable to the commerce involved in any new technology designers set it hard to gather money and resources to build such hybrid technology and thus the pace of development was slow. As car manufacturers face tougher emission norms hybrid technol ogies are getting more importance by the day.CONCLUSIONSApart from increasing overtaking the main purpose of introducing KERS was to challenge the best engineers in the business to develop innovative ideas that would directly benefit the mainstream motor industry. stipulation the resources and pace of developments in F1, the Kers systems produced by the teams would have taken the car manufacturers much longer to develop. Both the types of KERS can be retrofitted in cars albeit with minor modifications. habituated the current trend of engine downsizing they can add substantial amount of performance to the car without affecting the engine and average. The mechanical system is more efficient than the electrical systems that use inefficient batteries which makes them more liable(predicate) to be induced in cars in the near future. The flywheels used in F1 cars were pretty powerful though they will be modified to suit real world situations which will be capable of storing 75kW and wei gh about 35-40kg which compared to current battery systems is half the weight as seen in.The carbon fibre used in F1 flywheels can be reduced in cadence for road cars where as the rest of the materials like aluminium and steel are readily available and would be cheaper to produce in volume than electric systems. Flywheels are easy to recycle where as the use of rare primer materials make batteries more expensive to recycle. The flywheels could be charged directly by the engines thus charging faster which would help cope with the road conditions better. The electric systems developed by F1 have proved there is room for improvement in this field but comparatively flywheels seem to be the better option in terms of overall performance gains and sustainability though further work needs to be done to make it road ready. Flybrid systems is currently interrogation with Jaguar, the Technology Strategy Board established by the British government is funding a project involving Prodrive and Flybrid to help develop the technology for road cars as mentioned in. Initially manufacturers plan to introduce it with high end models and latter on to city a car which supports the statement that F1 KERS will benefit the motor industry.REFERENCEVehicle Propulsion System by Prof. lino Guzzella, Dr.Antonio Sciarretta, ETH Zurich, Institut fur Mess-und Regeltechnik, Sonneggstr.3, 8092 Zurich Switzerland. 2005 page ( 87-106) and (124-130).Handbook Of Automotive Powertrain Chassis Design by John Fenton 1998 page (131-139).http//www.racecar-engineering.com/articles/f1/426958/exclusive-mclaren-f1-kers.html.Flybrid Systems LLP http//www.flybridsystems.com/Technology.htmlHigh Speed Flywheel Based Hybrid System For Low Carbon Vehicles by D.Cross, J.Hilton from IEEE Xplore Oxford Brookes University.TorotrakPlc. http//www.torotrak.com/Resources/Torotrak/Documents/SAE_WC_2009_09PFL-0922_KERS.pdfWilliams Hybrid Power Lt. http//www.williamshybridpower.com/technology/

montaigne and descartes on doubting Essay -- essays research papers

Montaigne and DescartesMontaigne and Descartes both made use of a philosophical manner that focused on the use of doubt to make discoveries more or less themselves and the world around them. However, they doubted different things. Descartes doubted all(prenominal) his previous do itledge from his senses, go Montaigne doubted that there were any(prenominal) absolute certainties in knowledge. Although they both began their philosophical processes by doubting, Montaigne doubting a constant static self, and Descartes doubted that anything existed at all, Descartes was able to lead past that doubt to find one indubitably certainty, I think, therefrom I am. How often do we question what is real or true? Descartes believed that doubting everything that he knew to be truthful knowledge was the alone way to find out what was actually true and real. He moody doubting into a key principle for his methods of philosophy. Descartes would ask what we really knew beyond the shadow of a dou bt. To do this he resolves to search within himself (Descartes 9). scratch though, since he decided to doubt everything, he had to tack together aside all of the knowledge that he supposedly knew, to search out the truth (Descartes 13). He did this blindly, not knowing whether the truth is the knowledge that he already knew and was forcing himself to put aside, or that the truth is some knowledge he did not know that would replace his previous forms of knowledge. Descartes decided that he did not need to manifest that all of his knowledge was false, but lonesome(prenominal) that all of his knowledge was not certain. He did not, however, spend time examining every one of his bits of knowledge. Instead later on setting all of his previous knowledge aside he tried and true to find one thing outside of his knowledge that was certain.Not only did Descartes set aside all of his previous knowledge, but he as well set aside all knowledge he had gained, and that he move to gain from his five senses. He would not believe what his eyes saw, or what his hand felt, because he could not yet determine his senses as giving him knowledge that could be turned into certainties. He did not have any reason to believe that he could rely on his senses. Descartes doubting of his senses also caused him to reject any knowledge that he had gained by means of life experience. intimately of the knowl... ...se whichbelong exclusively to the mindthings are sensed through understanding, silent through senses (Montaigne 414). It is also important to realize that our mind doubts things because it knows its own limits. olibanum since we know nothing to be certain it is important to use change intensity phrases such as perhaps, somewhat, some, they say, I think, and so on (356). Montaigne was constantly stupefied at how much knowledge we claimed to be sure of. Throughout Montaignes and Descartes written work they used doubt as a method to attaining knowledge about the world and about themselves. Descartes believed that preconceived knowledge gained through learning and the senses must be set aside in golf-club to discover certainties. Montaigne believed that there were no certainties because our knowledge was attained through our senses, and thusly everyones knowledge would be different, because everyone senses things differently. Either way both men turned into themselves to find the knowledge they described in their philosophies. They both left us with one important bit of knowledge to carry with us throughout our lives, accept nothing, and question everything.

Essay --

Anna SampsonMr. SharbatzSophomore English B3 March 2014FriendshipWhat is true friendship? It is putting someone else first. It is being strictly honest, loyal, and chaste in every action. Perhaps it is the word load that unlocks the real meaning of friendship. (Dalton). That is the essence of a true friend, someone that is forever there for you. Though friendship is not easy, it can fall apart(predicate) a lot easier. Good friendships can be affected from betrayal, distance, and differences in class. subversiveness some may say is the most devastating going a person can experience (Frank). E additionally when it comes from someone who is special like a friend and someone who trust is embedded inside.The fiction The Kite Runner written by Khaled Hosseini has numerous examples of friendship issues within it. In The Kite Runner Baba and Ali are friends, but once Baba betrays Ali by sleeping with his wife their friendship suffers greatly and never quite recovers (Hosseini 222). Bet rayal is something that cannot easily be recovered from, something that changes two peoples descent forever. Ano...

The Reagan Tax Cuts And Foreign Policy Essay -- essays research papers

The Reagan assess Cuts and Foreign Policy     During the 1980s President Ronald Reagans (our fortieth president from1981 to 1989) domestic policy of a substantial levyation income income recognize led to greatly increasedstinting prosperity for our country. During Reagans administration marked flips were made to the tax code and stinting statistics showed a major changefor the better. However, at the same time, the Democrats controlled the Congressand continued increased spending against Reagans wishes. The peg stintingCommittee stated that an across-the-board tax neck was non new. In the 20s theMellon tax cuts were implemented by Secretary of Treasury Andrew Mellon duringthe Administrations of Ho all over, Harding, and Coolidge. In the 60s Kennedyintroduced tax cuts. In both instances the decrease of high peripheral tax ratessomehow increased tax payments by the rich. Perhaps a foreshadow of things tocome. Debates were raging over the Reagan tax cuts, k nown as the EconomicRecovery Tax Act of 1981 (or, ERTA). This act was designed to spur savings,investment, work, and economic efficiency. This policy would impose a 25%across-the-board cut in personal marginal tax rates. In the act of decreasingmarginal tax rates, and stimulating economic incentives, ERTA would increase theflow of resources into production, thus lifting economic growth. This policyreceived much criticism because its opponents argued that ERTA would be a giveaway to the rich, because their tax payments would collapse. Reagan workedhard and skillfully with the congress to obtain legislation to take ineconomic growth and curb inflation, he embarked upon a course to cut taxes andcurb inflation. President Reagan was able to sign into law a tax cut in late1981 even though congressional Democrats assay to block his cuts. All tax payersreceived these cuts which helped to spur the economy. The cuts were taken overthree years with a 5% cut in 1981, a 10% cut for 1982, and i n 1983 another 10%cut. Reagans call for abundant changes in the federal income tax laws helpedbring about passage of the Tax Reform Act of 1986. In 1986 Reagan introduced theTax Reform act of 1986. The tax reform act of 1986 chopped taxes, and indexedtaxes for inflation as well. During Reagans first call the inflation rate wasat -5.7%, unemployment was at1.4%, interest rates were at -.7, and the unwashedna... ... The aides had then illegallygiven some of the arms notes to contra guerrillas.ConclusionThe Reagan Tax cuts showed that reducing excessive tax rates stimulatesgrowth, reduces tax avoidance, and can increase the share of tax payments givenby the rich. With admiration to foreign policy Reagans carrying into actions especiallywith Mikhail Gorbachev showed a high approval of performance with the people.Reagan had the highest poll ratings for performance of any president since WorldWar 2. It appears that his leading helped to make the feeling of the countryto have a more reassured outlook on the future.References"Iran-Contra Affair," Microsoft Encarta 96 Encyclopedia 1993-1995. 1996Grolier Interactive Inc.Edition right of first publication 1992 by Houghton Mifflin Company.http//www.house.gov/joe/welcome.htmlhttp//www.reaganhome.com/taxcuts.htmlhttp//www.theatlantic.com/atlantic/election/connections/foreign/reagrus.htmHyland, W.G., ed., The Reagan Foreign Policy (1987).The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, ThirdThe Atlantic Monthly, February 1994 Reagan and the Russians Volume 273.The formulate Economic Committee reports on the Reagan Tax Cuts

Major League Baseball Essay -- Persuasive Baseball Sports Athletics Es

Major fusion Baseball Professional sports are a competition between the greatest athletes in the world. And when I go to a game, thats exactly what I expect to see. Sports are entertainment. There is no room for purity and respecting the limits that athletes had in the past. Modern athletes should utilize all the resources that they know available to them. This includes steroids, which enhance an athletes performance. After all, performance is what sincerely matters. The sport that has gotten the most attention on the subject of steroids is Major League Baseball. Due to the suspect prevalence of them from the late 80s up until the present day, the so-called baseball purists now question all the records and achievements of suspected users from that period. Mean go, these same purists celebrate the same achievements of an athlete like Babe Ruth. reason player Gary Gaetti said, I dont know if they should test or not scarce I dont think its fair to Babe Ruth, Mickey Mantle, Roger Maris and those guys ... but form it to the next step, what is the purpose of the testing and what are you going to do astir(predicate) it? he said, adding he was never on the juice. (Maxwell 1). He played his consummate career in a game with no African-Americans, they were forbidden from performing in Major League Baseball even though legion(predicate) of them could have competed with the players of that time. So tell me whats worse, achieving something against the best competition while using steroids or do...

Essay examples --

The truth about WiccaWicca, commonly known as the Craft or Old Ways is an expression used to describe various traditions of coetaneous Paganism, an earth-centered religion that shows a substantial amount of respect for nature celebrating the changes in the season and lunar cycles (Mankiller, Wicca) As stated by Morrison Wicca celebrates, the beauty of the moon, the stars, and the insolate (5) and the worshipping of the deities (Morrison, 2001). Those who follow the path of Wicca are usually referred to as Witches or Wic put forwards derived from the Anglo-Saxon term wicce, which can be translated as Sorceress or Wise angiotensin-converting enzyme (Morrison, 2001), they are nothing like the witches seen in modern media (Mankiller, Wicca). Throughout accounting Wicca has been depicted as a Satanist related religion, leading to wad persecution of those who adhere to its principles (as seen in the Salem Witch Trials) few truly vocalise the Wiccan faith. The real truth about Wicca i s that, it is a religion centered on the theology of the deities in exploit of the Patron Goddess and God, it is a matriarchal religion, with varying traditions and religious branches, that doesnt believe in predestination, and has basic tenets that must be followed. Wicca, like many fellow Pagan traditions, focuses on the beliefs of the deities that all piece of land a different, yet common purpose in the universe-to keep proportion and harmony in the world. Wicca, unlike other religions, categorizes the divine honoring the Goddess in form of the Triple Goddess of sometimes referred to as the Patron Goddess, whose aspects are the Maiden, Mother, slime eels representing the three phases of the moon Waxing, Waning, Full Moon, and Dark Moon (Morrison, 2001). In form of the Maiden, as stated by M... ...f empowerment making the religion commonly depicted as a Matriarchal religion. Those of the Wiccan faith, also choose not to believe in predestinations because they see everyone as having control their own lives, and hatfuls, depending upon their actions. The most crucial point to the Wiccan faith is the basic, principles that must be followed which includes the triple law that states anything they do whether- good or bad- will come lynchpin to you times three then there is the Wiccan Rede that is the outline of the Wiccan faith to radiation pattern Wicca as you will, but to harm none in the process. Wicca has had a ache history of being seen as an evil and unkindly religion hopefully, it can now be recognized by the public that Wicca is actually a peaceful and natured centered religion that neither contains Devil worshipers nor blasphemes against the Christian faith.

Antony and Cleopatra Essay examples -- Antony and Cleopatra

As a geniustime outstation of Rome, England was greatly influenced by roman type genealogy-ancestors that were god-like (Mars), superhuman (Hercules), fearless warriors (Pompey) who flourished in a patriarchal beau monde (ancient 4). I would like to discuss how Shakespeare uses these characteristics in his Roman tragedy Antony and Cleopatra, as a means to express sixteenth speed of light Englands cultural upheavals, one of which was the transformation of maleness defined in impairwork forcet of precedent to maleness rooted in humanism. Traditionally, the monarch of a inelegant is the head of the nobleness(Giddens 2) and skilled in weaponry so as to fight typeface by side with his soldiers. Queen Elizabeth shattered this customs with her femininity and personal inability to fight a war. As Eugene Giddens points out, Elizabeth was viewed as conflict-shy. Because she did not venture war lightly, a great worry arose within the army and the English nobility. After all, their major source of honors and publicity in the monarchs court--great armed services feats--was constricted by the lack of war (Giddens 2). Shakespeares focus on Romes military society in Antony and Cleopatra addresses the importance that a soldierly society held for men in England during Elizabeths reign. Military prowess defined masculinity by power and honor. Giddens highlights a Francis Bacon quote from Of the True Greatness of Kingdoms and Estates in which Bacon writes No personate can be healthful without exercise, neither born(p) body nor flavorless and certainly to a kingdom or estate, a just and august war is the true exercise . . . for in a slothful peace, both(prenominal) courages will effeminate and manners corrupt (Giddens 13). line the same suasion for the relationship between war, ... ...age and Literature 15 (1990) 79-107.Carducci, Jane S. Brutus, Cassius, and Caesar in Shakespeares Julius Caesar quarrel and the Roman Male. Language and Literature 13 (1988) 1 -19.Giddens, Eugene. worthy Men combativeness and Masculinity in Julius Caesar. reincarnation Forum 5.2 (2001) 34 pars. 6 Oct. 2006. http//www.hull.ac.uk/renforum/v5no2/giddens.htmShakespeare, William. Antony and Cleopatra The required Shakespeare Second Edition. Ed. David Bevington. New York Pearson Longman, 2005. 752-800.Vaught, Jennifer. Masculinity and Affect in Shakespeares wintertimes Tale Men of Feeling from the Renaissance through the Enlightenment. 1650-1850 Ideas, Aesthetics, and Inquiries in the Early Modern Era 10 (2004) 305-325.Wofford, Susanne L. ed. Shakespeares Late Tragedies A Collection of Critical Essays. New Jersey prentice Hall. 1996. Antony and Cleopatra Essay examples -- Antony and CleopatraAs a onetime outpost of Rome, England was greatly influenced by Roman genealogy-ancestors that were god-like (Mars), superhuman (Hercules), fearless warriors (Pompey) who flourished in a patriarchal society (ancient 4). I would like to discuss how Shake speare uses these characteristics in his Roman tragedy Antony and Cleopatra, as a means to express sixteenth century Englands cultural upheavals, one of which was the transformation of masculinity defined in terms of power to masculinity rooted in humanism. Traditionally, the monarch of a country is the head of the nobility(Giddens 2) and skilled in weaponry so as to fight side by side with his soldiers. Queen Elizabeth shattered this tradition with her femininity and physical inability to fight a war. As Eugene Giddens points out, Elizabeth was viewed as conflict-shy. Because she did not enter war lightly, a great anxiety arose within the military and the English nobility. After all, their major source of honors and promotion in the monarchs court--great military feats--was constricted by the lack of war (Giddens 2). Shakespeares emphasis on Romes martial society in Antony and Cleopatra addresses the importance that a martial society held for men in England during Elizabeths reign. Military prowess defined masculinity by power and honor. Giddens highlights a Francis Bacon quote from Of the True Greatness of Kingdoms and Estates in which Bacon writes No body can be healthful without exercise, neither natural body nor politic and certainly to a kingdom or estate, a just and honourable war is the true exercise . . . for in a slothful peace, both courages will effeminate and manners corrupt (Giddens 13). Note the same sentiment for the relationship between war, ... ...age and Literature 15 (1990) 79-107.Carducci, Jane S. Brutus, Cassius, and Caesar in Shakespeares Julius Caesar Language and the Roman Male. Language and Literature 13 (1988) 1-19.Giddens, Eugene. Honourable Men Militancy and Masculinity in Julius Caesar. Renaissance Forum 5.2 (2001) 34 pars. 6 Oct. 2006. http//www.hull.ac.uk/renforum/v5no2/giddens.htmShakespeare, William. Antony and Cleopatra The Necessary Shakespeare Second Edition. Ed. David Bevington. New York Pearson Longman, 2005. 752-800.Va ught, Jennifer. Masculinity and Affect in Shakespeares Winters Tale Men of Feeling from the Renaissance through the Enlightenment. 1650-1850 Ideas, Aesthetics, and Inquiries in the Early Modern Era 10 (2004) 305-325.Wofford, Susanne L. ed. Shakespeares Late Tragedies A Collection of Critical Essays. New Jersey Prentice Hall. 1996.

War of 1812 Essay -- essays research papers

The fight of 1812 The unite States of America began to see the effects of Anglo-French War by the early 1800s. This European quarrel began affecting the United States tape transport industry. Britain and France were violating neutral shipping rights of Ameri weed merchants. They thought of America as wearied due to inadequate time the nation had to develop. These violations were the first and elementary provoking factors that led to war with Britain. There was reason that Britain became the target of US array rather that France. Britain has influenced Indians around Lake Michigan to resist white settlement. This was one of the primary reasons the English were chosen as our foe. Britain had the Indians do this as an attempt to life the U.S. border as low as possible - not portentous the Canadian border. France had made no such attempts to interfere with America they in fact only had the simple desire to obtain our goods. They did with hopes of gaining this territory for thei r saucily colony later. Consequently, Britain became the target, and it led to a continuation of the American Revolution. The primary ready of the war with Britain was the fact the neutral shipping rights were violated by Britain, and though France had also violated these rights, there were other issues that the British were responsible for. Britain forbid the United States in such a manner it was no yearlong possible to export goods by ship. The British were not doing this to harm Americas economy, in time it was extremely harmful to the economy of this young country. Britain was doing this so that France could not consequence as many goods that would behoove them in the war. France desperately needed diverse goods that could be imported from the United States and they were willing to pay where Americas economy could crap benefited tremendously. Though the fact of the matter is Britains enormous, notorious navy would not give the exporting of Americas goods. The desire for Canadian colonies to join the United States, and the accusations of the British render Indians with weapons to be used against the U.S. are also causes of theWar of 1812.The battles of this war were in the beginning fought on US soil. The British military was surprised by the United States military. They had underestimated of the young country that was blossoming and flourishing on freedom. The battl... ...e was gained by every of the opposing forces of the war. The British suffer tremendous casualties. The U.S. gained nothing in basis of land. This war was indeed pointless it is amazing how one leaders feelings can wipe out thousands. President Madison got involved in this war because he matte that the countrys vanity had been stepped on. The opportunity to challenge Britain cameup, and Madison jumped into it readily.The War of 1812 was definitely a war this nation could have gone without taking part in. It was airheaded to lose so many valuable American lives for such nu ll reasons - pride. Pride should be swallowed in certain occasions this was definitely a time in which our leaders of America could easily have swallowed their pride at much less of a cost. American merchants and greed can be held at fault for this costly American war. Had merchants not pushed so hard this war may had been avoided, but they fact is it did. The War of 1812 did, however, modify Americas ability to be self-reliant. This is valuable, but not worth the thousands of lives that were spent obtaining this excusable wartime convenience.(american History - a survey by alan brinkley) and encarta 95 cd

Threats and opportunities from site :: essays research papers

Threats to sustainability simulated or substitution Market entry Powerful buyers and suppliers Unpredictable changes in external environment Factors beyond a firms control (bad luck) Limitations of the RBV Presented as passive concept - however, many firms need to be able to cope with dissipated environments Suggests that managers may fetch limited ability to create sustained free-enterprise(a) advantages (empirical support by "perpetually failing firms" - firms that consistently earn design or below-normal returns Difficult to test empirically - data problem (at the take of the unit of analysis, Le., resources and capabilities) What is the appropriate level of analysis? How deeply does one have to look? Principles of capabilities-based competitionGoal Build voiceless-to-imitate organizational capabilities that distinguish a company from its competitorsPrinciples o The building blocks of dodging be business processes o The transformation of processes into valuable strategic capabilities is a key to success o Capabilities are created by making strategic investments in support basis o CEO must be responsible, because competing on capabilities involves cross-functionalitySome lessons well-read from the capabilities perspectiveA capability begins and ends with the client (or supplier) The longer and more composite the string of business processes, the harder it is to transform into a capability or to recapitulate or imitate Outsourcing can be dangerous A strategy for growth Transfer essential business processes to New geographic areas (e.g., Wal-Mart) or to New businesses (e.g., Honda) There is a difference between capabilities and core competencies kernel competencies Coordinate diverse business skills and integrate multiple streams of technology atomic number 18 communication, involvement, and a deep commitment to working across organizational boundaries Do not diminish with use, but are enhanced as they are applied and shared Are the glue that binds existing businesses Are difficult to imitate, especially if they are a complex harmonization of individual technologies and production skills Are corporate resources and may be reallocated by corporate precaution Tests to identify core competence Does it provide access to a broad(a) variety of markets ?Does it make a significant contribution to the perceived customer benefits of the end product? Is it difficult for competitors to imitate? Dynamic capabilitiesDefinition capability to integrate, build and reconfigure internal and external processes and competencies to address a rapidly ever-changing environment ability to maintain and adapt the capabilities that are the basis of warlike advantageHypothesis Competitive advantage of a firm lies with its processes Roles of organizational and managerial processes

Native Son :: essays research papers

Character Actions Defines Their Individual Personalities and Belief Systems     Richard Wrights novel, Native Son, consisted of motley main and supporting characters to deliver an effective array of personalities and expression. Each characters litigate defines their individual personalities and belief systems. The main character of Native Son, Bigger doubting Thomas has personality traits spanning various aspects of human nature including actions motivated by cultism, lovesome temper, and a high degree of intelligence agency.     Bigger, whom the novel revolves around, portrays various personality elements by dint of his actions. Many of his actions suggest an overriding response to guardianship, which stems from his exposure to a cutting social climate in which a clear line among acceptable behavior for whites and blacks exists. His swift anger and his destructive impulses stem from that fear and become app arnt in the opening scene when he ferociously attacks a huge rat. The same murderous impulse appears when his secret apprehensiveness of the delicatessen robbery impels him to commit a vicious assault on his friend Gus. Bigger commits both of the brutal murders not in force or anger, but as a reaction to fear. His typical fear stems from being caught in the act of doing something socially unacceptable and being the motif of punishment. Although he later admits to Max that Mary Daltons behavior toward him made him hatred her, it is not hate which causes him to smother her to death, but a feeble test to evade the detection of her mother. The fear of being caught with a white adult female overwhelmed his common sense and dictated his actions. When he attempted to murder Bessie, his indigence came from intense fear of the consequences of 2"letting" her live. Bigger realized that he could not take Bessie with him or leave her behind and concluded that cleaning her could provide her only "merci ful" end.      The emotional forces that drive Bigger are conveyed by means other than his words. Besides reactions to fear, his actions demonstrate an extremely mobile temper and destructive impulse as an integral part of his nature. force plays a key part in his basic nature, but does not directly motivate the murders he commits. Rage does not affect Biggers intelligence and quick thinking and it becomes evident during the interview with Briton. The detective makes Bigger so angry that the interrogation becomes a game to Bigger, a game of logic and wills, of playing the stupid negro, and telling the man exactly what he wants to hear.

America Must Awake from the Nightmare of the Past to the Light of a New

America Must Awake from the incubus of the Past to the Light of a New DayNostalgia is Americas fatal disease. We do it to go back, to talk of the good old days, to wish we could return to an geological era forever gone. This rhetoric that warms our hearts, though, is, ironically, the impetus for our national self-destruction. Nostalgia valorizes a past that neer was, casts a dark shadow of distortion across the present, and prevents us from project a viable, sincere vision of a better future. When we, as a nation, say we want to go back to a time past, thats very(prenominal) often what happens, for such talk sends us into a regressive downwards spiral that prevents critical affable progress in America. The Ameri gage semipolitical scene is shot through with the rhetoric of nostalgia. A growing sweat in the United States, led by conservative and neoconservative politicians, scholars and spokespeople, heralds a return to an America they believe has died in the tumu lt of recent genial change. This America, they say, was one where we all worked hard and took care of our own. It was a harmonious business office where everyone, from presidents to janitors, shared common values on community, family, government, and life. We exact the American trance back, the rhetoric goes. Way back when, with some elbow grease and a little ingenuity, everyone could have a house in the suburbs and a refreshful white dress for their daughter on Easter Sunday. Enough of this social booby hatch, where everyone complains about everything, and theyre all looking for a free handout from the government. We need to go back to when things were right_to when fair was fair, everyone believed in the family, and people had their heads on straight. Sounds nice, doesnt it? ... ...edom_beyond that which whatsoever peoples have ever before experienced. This chaos is difficult and always challenging, and leaves us with nothing to hold onto. The answer to these challenges, though, is not to turn in this chaos for a new white dress and a home in the suburbs. Rather, we must create a new color of virtue, find a new place of hope. We need not out of fear go back to our past, as American nostalgia tells us to. We must shed our fears and arrive at for a new order, one forged in chaos and grounded in freedom. New cultural and political norms, on structures from family to government, are waiting to be born, and it is our job to create and nurture them. It is time to lay our fear of the terra incognita aside and jump headlong into the darkness of the future. Only then can we hope to someday awake from the nightmare of the past to the light of a new day.

Being Ignominious Will Only Backfire :: essays research papers

Being dishonourable Will Only BackfireAlmost everyone has done something deceptive and had the declaration backfire. Its usually to avoid an unfavorable event, when in the long suffer what was avoided still occurs. Roxy a beautiful one-sixteenth black slave tried the corresponding thing in Puddnhead Wilson by switching her infant Chambers with her master infant turkey cock. The infants were identical and born on the same day, the only deflexion was Chambers was considered black. Roxy went through with her plan to avoid her son being c falle away from her, either of them going down river, and party other misfortunes that competency happen. When Roxy switched tom turkey and Chambers the purpose was to not only avoid direct Chambers down river, but also allow him live a life not only as a free man but also a privileged white one with inheritor to an estate. Tom grows up to be a coward and barbaric man. He is lowbred to other people including his real mother Roxy. Through ou t his childishness he has Chambers fight for him and get him out of his problems. Chambers was tough beyond his years, and a good fighter strong because he was coarsely fed and hard worked about the house, and a good fighter because Tom furnished him plenty of practice- on white boys whom he hated and was panicky of. (Pg. 42) Tom is rude to other people including his real mother Roxy. He commits robbery on several occasions to make up for the property he lost while gambling. Then, after Roxy became a freed slave Tom sold her down river, and later murdered his uncle, guess Driscoll, in a robbery attempt. Puddnhead Wilson uses his wit and fingerprinting theory to prove in chat up that Tom and Chambers were switched at their young age. Between the ages of seven months and eight months those children were changed in the cradle. (Pg. 163) Wilson then also discovered that Tom murdered Judge Driscoll. The murderer of your friend and mine- York Driscoll of the generous hard and the k indly spirit- sits in among you. man de Chambre, Negro and slave- falsely called Thomas a Becket Driscoll- make upon the window- the fingerprints that will hang you (Pg.

Sir Gawain vs Beowulf Essay -- Compare, Contrast, Comparative

Although Gawain and Beowulf share many similarities, their characters are almost eke out opposites. Both aim for some sort of fame, bingle much than than the early(a) differing in the way they attempt to achieve this success. Gawain remains true and looks to humility to guide him, whereas Beowulf is very prideful and selfish, loving nonhing more than vaunting about his virtues. Regardless, both go through tremendous changes throughout their quests, relations with repercussions, and many challenging obstacles along the way. Initially, Gawains strongest trait is humility, Beowulfs is pride. In the beginning of Gawain and the Green Knight, a mysterious warrior enters King Arthurs coquet to extend a dispute. Although he knows others in the court would handle the challenge better than him, out of respect, when King Arthur attempts to accept the challenge Gawain comes forth and suggests he takes his place. Gawain presents himself as the exhaustedest of them, I know, and the du llest-minded/ so my death would be least loss, if truth should be told/ exactly because you are my uncle am I to be praised/ no virtue I know in myself but your blood (Broadview semblance 269). Instead of bragging about his bravery, Gawain acts modestly and states that his death would be of miniature loss during this challenge. He is not self-absorbed and gives off the impression that the only reason he is a knight is because of his relation with King Arthur. By stating this, he gives off the impression that his self confidence is quite weak this is astonishing for a character of this era. Although King Arthur has at least one of his knights to be proud of, it seems as though Gawains behaviour is not looked upon as modest by others in the court, but rather disreputable. The D... ...ash between good and evil. Beowulf is a make foration of a Godly figure, possibly Christ, whereas his enemies represent figures of darkness, possibly Satan. Due to his battle with Grendel, Beowulf r ealises the true abilities of Gods power and develops into a more Saint like character who is more concerned with giving uphold rather than Gaining fame. He seeks Gods guidance, but looks to pagan ideals when he deems so. Although he never completely takes complete advantage of Gods power, he does earn the fame and glory that he fought bravely for. Gawain returns to Camelot a changed man, bearing his sins on his shoulders, whereas, Beowulf develops into a more holy person like character who is more concerned with giving help than gaining fame. Gawain becomes more aware of his wrong doing, and attempts to better himself by carrying the green girdle as a reminder of his sins.